Type-2 fuzzy logic systems have emerged as a powerful extension of traditional fuzzy logic, providing enhanced capability to model uncertainty and imprecision in complex systems. Unlike type-1 systems ...

Fuzzy logic provides a mathematical framework for dealing with imprecise and vague concepts, proving particularly amenable to the challenges posed by natural language. Its capacity to navigate ...

For most of the twentieth century, geopolitical analysis rested on a comforting fiction: that the world could be divided cleanly into categories. States were allies or adversaries, wars were declared ...