Chemical leaching of the toxic metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc) and behavior of other elements (aluminum, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, ...
Exaggerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to vascular injury by the enhancement of CX3CL1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and pro-apoptotic p53 expression. Reduced water ...