Classical probability theory assumes an equal likelihood for all outcomes. For example, if you were to flip a coin, there's an equal change of it landing on "heads" or "tails." Microsoft Excel offers ...

The joint probability density function \(f\) of two random variables \(X\) and \(Y\) satisfies, for every \(a_1 b_1\) and \(a_2 b_2\), \[ P(a_1\le X\le b_1, a_2\le Y ...

We propose a method for reconstructing a probability density function (pdf) from a sample of an n-dimensional probability distribution. The method works by iteratively applying some simple ...