methods for causal inference using genetic variants chapter 1. 例. CRPが高い方が、(因果的に)心血管疾患になりやすいか？ 観察研究で、CRPが高い方が心血管疾患になりやすいことがわかっていた。しかし、年齢・性別その他交絡因子を調整すると関連は小さくなり、さらに ...

Background: Observational studies have indicated a potential association between ankylosing spondylitis and elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it remains uncertain whether this ...

Background: Migraine is a familial, episodic disorder characterized by complex sensory processing dysfunction, with headache serving as its hallmark feature. While numerous risk factors have been ...

Outcome-adaptive randomization is one of the possible elements of an adaptive trial design in which the ratio of patients randomly assigned to the experimental treatment arm versus the control ...

For many years, MAC Address Randomization was slated as the next big thing for protecting user privacy on the modern Internet. The standard, which works by deploying a new MAC address to a device in ...

Abstract: Due to the inevitable information loss during IR lowering, compile-time metadata collection can provide more precise auxiliary information than binary analysis to achieve reliable ...