The reports aim to provide a clear understanding of key concepts in probability and statistics, making them accessible to learners at all levels. Each report breaks down complex topics into digestible ...

Fuzzy statistics and random variables represent a progressive fusion of traditional probability theory with the principles of fuzzy logic, enabling the treatment of imprecision and vagueness inherent ...

Introduction to probability theory and its applications. Axioms of probability, distributions, discrete and continuous random variables, conditional and joint distributions, correlation, limit laws, ...

\item We use a capital letter, like $X$, to denote a random variable \item The values of a random variable are denoted with a lowercase letter, in this case $x$ \item ...

Abstract: In this chapter, we introduce the concept of a random variable and develop the procedures for characterizing random variables, including the cumulative distribution function, as well as the ...

1 Department of Statistics and Analytical Sciences, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, USA. 2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA. what is ...